Information Literacy Instructional Program

Information Literacy Learning Guides

Introduction to Information

Facts

  • Can be proven
  • Are concrete
  • Examples: George Washingtion was the first president of the United States.
  • Located : Books, Encyclopedias, Magazines, some verifiable Web resources

 

 

Objective Information

  • Should present all sides of an issue.
  • Are usually based on facts.
  • Often times, experts in a field can speak objectively about an issue.
  • Examples:
  • Located: Most encyclopedia articles.
    Many books and periodical articles, so long as they present all aspects/angles of an issue.

 

Primary Information

  • Is created at the time when something occurred.
  • Are the original documents or research conducted in a field of study.
  • Is information in its original form that has not been published anywhere else and no one has interpreted it or translated it.
  • Examples:
    Diaries, Novels ,Constitution of the United States.
    Data and statistics that have been collected but not analyzed.
    Newspaper accounts by reporters that were at an event. For instance, a newspaper reporter is in the middle of a war zone and is giving a description of it
    Transcripts from radio and television programs and legal cases.
    Testimony in a legal case. Original works of art.
Opinions
  • Are based on what seems to be true.
  • Are based on personal views and judgment.
  • Examples: The movie Gone with the Wind was the best movie ever.
  • Located: Editorials, Movie Reviews, Commentaries.

 

 

Subjective Information

  • Are often the opinions of an individual or group.
  • Presents some kind of analysis of the facts.
  • Examples: "I saw Phantom of the Opera in San Francisco last weekend and I thought that the costumes could have been better designed." This is your opinion; someone else who saw the show might have a different opinion about the costumes.     Hints: When you hear someone say, "My understanding of the situation is ..." or "I felt that the point of the story was ...", these are examples of subjective information.
  • Book / movie reviews.Most books and periodical articles express one side of an issue and analyze it

Secondary Information

  • Has been removed in some way from its original (primary) source and repackaged.
  • Is information that has been analyzed, interpreted, translated or examined in some way.
  • Examples:
    You get the class notes from a friend because you missed a lecture. Your friend has in some way interpreted your instructor’s lecture and repackaged the information in his own words.
    An article that critiques a work of art or a film or a novel.
    An article that analyzes someone’s research.
    An interpretation of every day life as reported in a personal diary.

 


Debbie Anderson, librarian
Estrella Mountain Community College  
2001 - 2002
 
 Last Updated: 8/2/04