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Infants (From 0 to 1 year)
Solid foods are introduced between 4 and 6 months
Energy needs:
90-120 kcal/kg/day
2.2 kg = 1 pound
Protein needs:
0 to 6 months: 13 g/ day
6 months to 1 year: 14 g/ day
Fat requirements:
30 to 60% of daily calories
Adults: 20 % of daily calories
Water requirements:
Healthy infants who are exclusively breast feeding or formula feeding require no supplemental water.
6 months: 130- 155 ml/ kg/ day (approx. 1 liter per day)
9 months: 125- 145 ml/kg/day (approx. 1.1 liters per day)
1 year: 120- 135 ml/kg/day (approx. 1.1 liters per day)
Vitamins and Minerals
Vitamin A: 375 mg
Requirement generally achieved with breast or formula feeding
Deficiency can cause blindness in children
Vitamin D: 7.5 to 10 mg
Commercial formulas are higher in vitamin D than breast milk
Moderate exposure to the sun enhances vitamin D absorption
Is associated with bone mineral content and skeletal development
Vitamin E: 3 to 4 mg
Requirement generally achieved with breast or formula feeding
Vitamin K: 5 to 10 mg
Cow's milk and commercial formula contain higher amounts of Vitamin K
Most infants receive a single injection of Vitamin K soon after birth
Vitamin C: 30 to 35 mg
Requirement generally achieved with breast or formula feeding
Foods high in vitamin C: citrus fruits, green vegetables, tomatoes, and potatoes
Vitamin B-6: 0.3 to 0.6 mg
If mothers have adequate vitamin B-6 intake and breast feed, infants are generally okay
Folate: 25 to 35 mg
Requirement generally received in human, formula or cow's milk (boiling milk destroys folate)
Vitamin B-12: 0.3 to 0.5 mg
If mothers have adequate vitamin B-612 intake and breast feed, infants are generally okay
Vegetarian breast feeding mothers should take a B-12 supplement
Calcium: 400 to 600 mg
Infants absorb 60% of calcium in human milk, 34 to 38% in formula and 25 to 40% in cow's milk
Its a good idea to supplement with calcium rich foods
Iron: 6 to 10 mg
There are low iron levels in breast milk, and iron-fortified formula is recommended
Zinc: 5 mg
More readily absorbed in human milk than in cow's milk or formula
Children (From 1 to 3 years & from 4 to 6 years)
Energy needs:
1 to 3 years: 1300 calories
4 to 6 years: 1800 calories
Protein needs:
1 to 3 years: 16 g/ day
4 to 6 years: 24 g/ day
Fat requirements:
30% of daily calories
Adults: 20 % of daily calories
Carbohydrate requirements:
40 to 60% of total calories
Water requirements:
2 years: 115- 125 ml/kg/day (approx. 1.4 liters per day)
6 years: 90- 100 ml/kg/day (approx. 1.8 lites per day)
12 years: 60- 80 ml/kg/day (approx. 2.2 liters per day)
Adult: 20 -40 ml/kg/day (approx. 1 to 3 liters per day)
Vitamins and Minerals
Vitamin A:
1 to 3 years: 400 mg
4 to 6 years: 500 mg
Vitamin D: 10 mg
Is associated with normal skeletal development
Vitamin E:
1 to 3 years: 6 mg
4 to 6 years: 7 mg
Vitamin K:
1 to 3 years: 15 mg
4 to 6 years: 20 mg
Vitamin C:
1 to 3 years: 40 mg
4 to 6 years: 45 mg
Vitamin B-6:
1 to 3 years: 1 mg
4 to 6 years: 1.1 mg
Folate:
1 to 3 years: 50 mg
4 to 6 years: 75 mg
Vitamin B-12:
1 to 3 years: 0.7 mg
4 to 6 years: 1 mg
Calcium: 800 mg
Milk provides most of the calcium consumed by children
Diets should also include calcium rich food sources, dark green leafy vegetables
Iron: 10 mg
Iron rich foods: meat & eggs
Zinc: 10 mg
Meat, fish and whole grains
